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By: Samay Hamed
Translated by: Sarwar Aslamyar
March 2002, Copenhagen
Farhad is one of renowned lovers in Farsi-Dari literature. His occupation
is carving stones. He gives his heart to "Shireen", and
his tough love journey begins and ends with "Koh-Kani" i.e.
cutting stones at mountains; a colorful ending with his blood. However
in Farsi-Dari literature, Farhad is a symbol for an "unsuccessful
lover", he is more an icon for intense stamina in love. Yes,
a lover may fail but love forever will prosper; thus Farhad is equally
a symbol of " failed lover" and "prosperous love",
and what could be better than this.
Darya
in Farsi-Dari language means "sea"; in Afghanistan darya
is also used to refer to river. In both cases darya is a blue compilation
of water, and water is a blend of voice and sincerity, message and
purity.
And
Farhad Darya is a Farhad of "mountains of love" as well
as a darya of voice and honesty; a pleasant and novel voice that
in every instant and every spot shouts the sincerity of martyred
Afghan nation. Farhad Darya is a pioneer of committed and devoted
music in Afghanistan; commitment to novelty of music and devotion
to cause of human being. From an artistic point of view, Farhad's
music is homogeneously domestic (Afghan) and global (international),
a blend of endemic (native) and global tinkle.
Farhad
Darya certainly is a founder of new wave of music in Afghanistan.
This wave as much as it is an outcome of versatile musical creations
- a mix of global, domestic, and self-specific trends - it is also
a result of pledge to history and time. This commitment is not imprinted
by history and time; rather these musical creations tirelessly evoke
and shout history and time.
During
the reign of red invaders in Afghanistan, Darya's songs became music
for free souls and trill for prisoners. Freedom fighters saw the
fall and stall of the communist regime, and prisoners felt rise
of freedom and breakdown of chains from his songs. Because broadcasting
Darya's songs, which always had to pass through a spiral corridor
of censorship, implied freedom standing up and breaking the chains.
People knew that Darya applies no word and tune without a message;
every beat, note, and composition in his music spells and sings
freedom and liberty. They knew that his love songs not only reflect
his love but also they represent a "shout of time" for
struggle and freedom.
Heights
have fresh air
Youth has boundless pain
My heart is so much ruined by love
It has no wall and no door any more . . . (Heights)
One
knew that "heights" or mountains symbolizes cradle of
people resistance and struggle against red oppression; "fresh
air" represents freedom, "heart" means homeland and
"love" means - - -. For years Darya went through these
songs with patience and pain. The puppet communist regime tried
hard to make him its "loud speaker" through threat and
humiliation. He not only survived all the stress such as "
forced military drafts", "discharging from university",
and "censorships", he also beat the drum of his aims with
passion and hard efforts.
As
a founder of "Afghan resistance music" inside of Afghanistan,
besides his voice and songs he insisted straight or emblematically
on resistance and struggled in his interviews. Through visualization
on TV screen freedom revived while oppression and despot faded away
under his lash. Every now and then he put rope of execution on fire
and staged "theater of fighting hands" representing virtuous
and victorious hands of Afghan people; or illustration of a collapsing
nest within a fall season. Farhad gradually became a voice of resistance
among enlightened intellectuals. In the middle of silence and political
negligence he raised his voice and tried to remove the ashes of
filthiness from Afghan music context. No one can deny Farhad Darya
and his companion Qahar Asi's role and influence on formation of
Afghan resistance music and poem. These two voices of sincerity
and affection deserve real appreciation. Not even one single stanza
in his songs has benefited any governments; furthermore most of
his songs written and released inside Afghanistan have been opposing
the communist regime. Who could write and sing such a piece at a
time when "Babrak Karmal" was the head of state (1980-1986),
where freedom tongues were chopped and blazes were turned to ashes
under the boots of tyrants
I
got glad tidings that the time of grief won't stay eternally,
It didn't stay as it was
and it wouldn't last long
as it is . . . (The Time of Grief)
This
obviously referred to "Khalqee"s and "Parchamee"s
(the two communist parties in Afghanistan funded and used by USSR)
ruling times as "it didn't stay" and "as it is"
respectively.
Farhad
Darya has been singing for his brave people, for freedom fighters
that had never descended and have remained on "heights".
"Mountain" awakes the "history" and presents
"fresh air" from the "heights" not for the ones
that descended and traded crown of pride with bowl of beggary and
betrayed freedom principles. His songs have been (dedicated) for
that freedom fighter that lived and died with anonymity and never
betrayed freedom.
Darya's
grandfather is Shir Mohammad Nashir who is recognized as "Shir
Khan" and "Father of Contemporary Kunduz" in Afghanistan.
He was the key figure in establishing a foundation and expanding
cultural, artistic, agricultural, and industrial basis in northern
Afghanistan when he was deputy governor of Qataghan (northern region
of Afghanistan). Kunduz development reached to the point that the
old proverb in Farsi "if you want to die go to Kunduz"
was changed to "if you want to live go to Kunduz". Since
Shir Khan was one of the pioneers in publishing literature and historical
books in Afghanistan he got the epithet of Nashir or publisher in
Farsi. He wrote books and published education books for public education
system with expenses out of his own pocket. His house was a library
through which Farhad Darya got acquainted with self and the world,
and request and rehearsal purified his aptitude.
Nashir
family has a multi-ethnic background and this blend of cultures
has had a strong influence on insight and perception of life and
humanitarian solidarity and harmony. Shir Khan was an advocate of
multi-ethnic cohesion and camaraderie and opposed ethnic monopolies;
as a result the government authorities that get their orders from
"Sardar M. Hashim Khan" one of the totalitarian political
figures in Afghanistan history, murder him. Shir Khan had already
read his assassination news in "Aneess" publication a
day before being murdered.
Darya's
father was never employed with the government since he believed
that at that juncture any government career was associated with
public aggravation. He had noticed the big gap between people and
government authorities. He stayed with public and urged his children
to support and be with people until he rest at peace. It is no accident
that Farhad Darya signifies a live materialization of being with
people and being people, something that reaches beyond national
boundaries and has portrayed Darya as an Afghan musician who represents
freedom and solidarity at International level.
Music
certainly was not a career in Darya's (father) family; however this
noble art did exist in his house as a "silence of trill".
This silence of trill was taking its outline from a "Rabab"
(short-necked, plucked lute), a "Zirbaghali" (single-headed,
vase-shaped drum), and a "Tanbour" (long-necked, plucked
lute), which always hung from three nails on walls of his house,
and called for Darya's fingers and voice. This silence of tinkle
came from a German accordion "HUNOR" inside a gray box
and burst into flames of passion and separation in Darya's heart.
Finally this silence of trilling was Darya's father who within clouds
of smoke from his cigarettes, among a heap of Farsi and Pashto books,
and from souvenirs of his journeys (Eiffel Tower, New York Skyscrapers,
London Bridge, Beatles LPs, Elvis's music, Frank Sinatra, - - -
and more) crooned his solitude.
With
the silence of trill from his father (family) and fountains of melody
from his mother (family), Farhad Darya pulled off to the vocalist
echelon. Darya's grandfather (from mother side) was Abdul Ghani
Khan Gardezi (deputy governor of Kandahar for years) known as "Qala
Beggi", whose children have been in to art and music. Darya's
uncles are vocalists who make their own compositions and lyrics.
One is a painting artist and the other is a graphic designer. Darya's
elder brother initiates music and songs in Nashir's family; however
he departs from music after he started attending Oxford University.
On the other hand Farhad Darya along with his younger brother, Engineer
Yama Yakmanesh, who is also a writer, starts his journey to the
"seven cities of love".
Finally
Darya takes the father's accordion out of the gray box to tune the
words of his heart. Father catches him unexpectedly and gets irritated,
however after he realizes that his son is serious he sends him to
his cousin, Zarghoon Nashir, to learn basics of accordion and bongo
drum. Zarghoon Nashir is a pupil of a Turkish musician, Farrokh
Afandy, who was a renowned music teacher in Afghanistan. After lots
of excuses and hardship, Darya finds a second hand harmonium, puts
Bedel's poetry compilation on it, and start. With the first page
he opens, he gets fired up and croons his first composition:
Our
heart is a swelling and a watery eye
. . . a goblet, filled with
hundred different color of wine
Before imbuing with music, Darya writes poems, which gets published
in Kunduz periodicals. He concentrates so much on music so that
his dad afraid of losing his honored-student son in to the gardens
of music, several times takes away the harmonium from him but with
mother's mediation he gets it back and his music becomes free again.
Darya
and his brother, Yama initially for fun copy compositions and mimic
Ustad Sarahang, Ustad Hashim, and Ustad Shaida; and record them.
One summer when their uncle (their mother's brother), Shir Shah
Gardezi, pays a visit to them in Kunduz (from Kabul) he gets upset
once he observes what they are doing. He inquires to depart from
imitation and take music serious if they are really eager to peruse
this path so that they enjoy the reflection of their spirits within
the music.
Darya
finds new friends in "Shir Khan" High School and starts
"Nayestan" (Reed-Bed), his first band of music. In this
group Qadeer sings, Abdul Jaan plays Tabla, Basheer plays percussion,
and Darya mixes his voice with sound of harmonium and accordion.
They participate in student celebrations and national festivities;
at times he writes scripts and few times plays a part in the stage
shows.
He
listens to Ustad Sarahang and Ustad Shaida compositions, and records
Ustad Sarahang's music lessons from radio Afghanistan. He later
moves from Kunduz to Kabul and spends his senior year in Habibia
High School. At twelfth grade, Darya, who always has been an honor
student, gets very close to be dropped. This incidence marks a beginning
in his success journey towards the world of music; the genuine exam
of his life.
He later wishes to become an engineer and enrolls in Kabul Polytechnic
Institute. This is exactly the time when most of male members of
Nashir family are listed in black book (list of individuals to be
executed) of the communist regime; after they discover this fact,
with the help of few friends who have connections with the government,
they survive and move in to Kabul.
Kabul
Polytechnic Institute, as well as it was an educational center,
it was a place for threat and surveillance by the communist government.
Darya gets threatened many times to join the party; even they write
his name by themselves. He breaks out from the institute and transfers
to Kabul University, faculty of language and literature, after he
spends more than three years in Polytechnic.
In
Polytechnic Darya starts his music band and becomes famous among
the student bodies and educational circles. He gets introduced to
the public through participation in Youth (Jawaanaan) program on
Kabul TV. By singing a few Ghazals and classical songs and playing
a few challenging classic pieces, he gets popular among people.
Exposure to people and intimate association with public makes him
to reject a scholarship outside of Afghanistan, because he wants
to be with his people and sing for them.
On TV he initially starts with Classical and semi classical music,
Ghazal. Then he gradually moves towards folklore. In Kabul University
he gets acquainted with the aroma of "resistance poems",
Qahar Asi. They become two arms to conquer and construct. Darya's
music and Asi's poem combined, similar to water to wetness, creates
tunes of resistance. "Baran" or Rain descends with sincerity
form sky and blows life to soil and ash sprouting to flower and
plant. Baran's reputation spreads beyond boundaries increasing thirsty
fans of its genuine chants.
"Baran" reaches at the peak of its career at a crucial
time of Afghanistan history i.e. government of communist regime.
More vocalists get established through Baran and Darya's compositions
exposed to public. Darya realizes that under flames of war and chamber
of smoke and agony, communicating via classical music and Ghazal
is not sufficient enough, while the Red Army with blood and ashes
is trying to alienate and empty a nation from its cultural values.
Darya moves towards folk music and creates Afghan style tunes. He
brings new life and fresh look to Afghan music, which paves its
way to large cities through sincere and wounded suburbs. This music
is continually perceived from every window and each throat and signifies
agony of Afghan nation. The ruling administration representing Red
Army strangers puts pressure on this throat and tens of his songs
are censored. But the more pressure they apply the more his voice
gets louder and finds its way among people. As an unusual process,
initially the head of TV broadcasts and programs conducts these
censorships, and once his songs become popular and every letter
and sound of his compositions is articulated, the minister of Radio
and Television takes over the task of censorship. Farhad gets discharged
from university multiple times and forced to serve military; however
he remains a vocalist for his people and never endorses the regime.
During these hard times Zahir Howaida or as Darya calls him "
The Brave Brother of Afghan Music Society" steps up and opens
the closed doors for him. As an established artist among people
and via his connections within the administration, Zahir Howaida
paves the way for Darya's aesthetic activities.
While attending Polytechnic Institute, Darya befriends Engineer
Seddiq Qiam, a renowned music researcher, who gets him acquainted
with the first pillars of music theory and Afghan-Indu classical
music for years. Later he meets with a famous and creative Middle
Asian composer and songwriter "Shadman Puladi Tella".
Darya learns the principles of European classical music, notation,
science of harmony, and theory of western music from him while he
teaches Shadman Indian Classical Music.
Darya finishes the four years degree program in eight years because
of pressure from communist regime. Then he starts teaching classical
music in Kabul university department of aesthetic arts where he
also pursues research and writing in the field of music.
After
going through ups and downs of music, Darya creates his own specific
style in music, and the new wave of Afghan music starts to take
shape. During this period "Baran" disintegrates and he
continues his work independently where he more than ever blooms
intensely.
Once he goes to Czechoslovakia for medical treatment and records
few songs in Radio Prague, his compositions again flourish among
the Afghans in and outside of Afghanistan. Later he goes to Germany
in order to record his patriotic and political songs and to get
equipment for music recording studio. At this time back home the
hell kites of "7th of Sour" (communist regime) are replaced
with ignorance kingpins of 8th of Sour (medieval regime) and prior
to artist, music takes exile from Afghanistan (1992). Darya, who
did not migrate to the west even during the worst time, makes Hamburg
his second home of agony and first migration place. His first concert
in Hamburg considered being a new start for his music career creates
waves among public. Even in the west, music is still boycotted among
certain fanatic Afghans, however a "lady" and a "brother"
come to Darya's assistance. The lady is Sultana Darya, a Sorbonne
University graduate in Paris and now Darya's spouse and partner
in life; and the brother is Engineer Yama Yamkanesh who shoulder
to shoulder with Darya puts typhoons under his lashes.
In Hamburg Darya releases his "Begum Jaan" album, an outcome
of collaborations in Paris and Germany. The album gets widely accepted
and travels heart to heart carrying his voice to his homeland and
over the world. His next album "Afghanistan" proclaims
loudly the most beautiful and stunning method of national unity
linking slashed hearts (by politics) with silken string of music.
Songs in this album still make hearts dancing, and remind emigrants
and stranded refuges about the times of being together and for each
other. "Shakar" and " In Foreign Land" arrive
one after the other and carry Darya's fame to every single corner
of Afghan population gatherings. Darya who now along with his wife
and son, Hejran, live in United States delivers concerts all over
the world (Germany, United Kingdom, France, Holland, Sweden, Australia,
Denmark, Canada, United States, Italy, and more) and shares Afghanistan
agony with thousands of his fans.
Darya came to this world in city of Gozargah in Kabul on the first
day of fall, September 22, 1962. As a musician and celebrity Darya's
role and impact on Afghan music could be analyzed with following
perspectives:
1.
Strings of Darya's spirit know music very well. He has the wisdom
of schemes of global music and ties it together with creation. He
is acquainted with the roots of Afghan music rainbow from classic
to folklore - particularly folklore - and has utilizes some of its
secrecies for the first time. He has woven some of these secrecies
with worldwide music in his specific way. With Farhad Darya rebirth
renaissance of Afghan music comes to existence. Darya opens fresher,
younger, wider, and more beautiful horizon for musicians and music
audience. One can say that he is a beginning for a new period in
Afghan music.
2.
Darya is a creator, and the outcome of his creations presented to
public is combinations of his voice and others. Unlike others his
creations are polyphonic rather than monophonic in nature. In his
creations he greatly considers mood of listener and himself, sentimental
placement of tunes, and unification of lyrics and music. Darya is
painful a perfectionist.
3.
Among the Afghan musicians Darya's grasp on literature and origin
of poem is unique. He has experienced historic sorority of poem
and music, which has massive basis in our culture, better and more
than his peers.
4.
Darya's songs reflect people's agony; within this context he wants
his music to be sensible, responsive, and sincerely emotional rather
than fly-by-night and superficial feelings. In past he was calling
on people for struggle against puppet kingpins to achieve freedom.
Today with the golden string of his voice he links disintegrated
hearts.
Therefore
for the last two decades in Afghanistan history, Darya's music has
trembled the politics. It is interesting that politics through his
music has been trying to build bridges with people. The politicians
knew that people believe in Darya - in his voice and his honesty-
and listen to him by the ear of their hearts. During Dr. Najib's
time (1986-1992) as a step towards democracy (propaganda rather
than real democracy campaign) the communist government lifted the
ban on Darya's previously censored songs. Compositions such as "Maulaa
Ali", "Winds are Coming", " Trees of Mountain
Pass ", "The Time of Grief", "My Homeland",
- - - and more got broadcast from TV and Radio to show the people
that there is no gap and distance between government and people
anymore. After the falling of Najibulla's regime, the Mujahideen
celebrate their arrival by his songs (1992-1996); when United States
bombs and drops aid (including radios) to Afghans, broadcasts his
songs on its radio waves (2001). And finally after the collapse
of Taliban, Radio Afghanistan announces revival of freedom with
Darya's song "Kabul Jaan" (Beloved Kabul) and wakes the
city up (November 13, 2001). Darya catches attention of hundreds
of international journalists who recognize Darya's wounded nation
through his voice.
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